Books on Asian history mention that the great wall of China is incomparable work of man, as one of the mysterious of human cultures such as the Sphinx, stone Henge in west Abbey, and Borobudur in Java Indonesia. It is not just the massive work it might be but the unimaginable techniques that involved in the construction in the absence of modern machine.

Archaeologists found that the Great Wall of China was not built in a certain period and finished, but a long project continually over decades by different leaders of different dynasties from 220 BC up to 1440 AD when the Ming dynasty ruled China, weather it was addition, extension or construction with better materials. So it was a project of almost 1660 years. What is referred to as the Great Wall of China as a whole is both man made real wall and natural barriers such as hills, dykes, and trenches. This wall protected the Chinese land and center of culture from the crusades of the north and north west nomads and warfare steppe people. Modern techniques of archaeology disclosed a surprising fact that the length of the wall taken together is 8,851.8 kms made up of 6,259.6 kms man made wall, 359.7 kms trenches, 2,232.5 kms natural barriers such as hills and rivers.

The first China Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who established the Qin dynasty ruled around 220 BC built the first great wall by rammed earth. The Emperor is said to have been able to unify China in 221 BC. The construction by Qin then continued by Han, Sui, and Jin dynasties which basically continue to fortify the Emporium from the northern invaders. The area of northern and north west China mostly roamed by nomadic peoples especially at the steppe of Mongolia who were warfare people, as proved by the rise of Khan dynasty in China.

During Ming dynasty 1440 - 1460 the technique of construction was revived with better materials. Well known wall of this dynasty is the Liaodong wall to protect an agricultural heartland culture. During Jin dynasty ( golden dynasty ), Gengis Khan sent 70.000 army in 1211 to China wished to subdue Zhongdu the capital of Jin emporium ( now Beijing ) but with their strong wall the invader unsuccessful to penetrate and redirect their troops to ravage the heartland, but in 1215 the capital was fallen to Mongol and according to the years later traveler found white hill which was the assemblage of human bones, the residents of the capital of Jin.

The story mentioned that the great wall of China was visible from the moon, but this was not confirmed by various astronauts as published by Wikipedia.org. Even for those flying at lower space of around 160 kms were said of unable to see by bare eyes. Many claims that they saw the great wall were in fact they had seen the river or canal near Beijing.

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