The island of Bali with smaller islands such as Nusa Penida, Lembongan, Ceningan,
and Menjangan covers an area of 5.808,8 square kilometers, with number of population
around 3 millions. Almost 98% of the population are Hindu devotees with markedly
local traditional rituals. The island is classified one of the densely populated
areas of Indonesia.
Balinese physically is not different from other people of west Indonesia where
Mongoloid character is predominant over Malay characters, only a few people bring
the characters of true Malay with small body size and brown skin. In general skin
color are ranging from bright to brown, but dark brown is very rare, and very
few with curling hairs, mostly straight hairs, with the average height of the
body in the past 160 cm, and now around 170 cm. Especially younger generation
tend to grow higher by slim body.
Balinese speak Balinese, a dialect of Malay. Due to cast system Balinese dialect
itself underwent further variation, as each cast claimed to have their own idiolect
which is higher in conjunction with their own cast status. Balinese and Yogyakarta
have much in common words only they used the words in different meaning or sometimes
in contradictory meaning.
Beside Javanese Balinese is one society which has introduced writing since 998
AD. This writing scripts which are supposed to undergone evolution and have now
become variations of writing such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Java and Bali. So the
art of writing has developed very early both in Java and Bali. Currently Balinese
writing is learnt in school and there is an effort to preserve the heritage, since
Bali is rich with writing heritages in the form of ethics, stories, myths, songs,
chronicles and historical documents written in various style of Bali nese scripts.
Historic monuments are also various in Bali, some are originated from 10th century,
and these sites are still preserved by local people, and associated to their religious
rituals.
With the economic advancement reached by Bali for the last 2 decades it has invited
many people from other parts of Indonesia and from the 5 continents to try their
luck in Bali. This is now the biggest social problem that can arise in the future
due to the limited land. With this situation, Bali has become part of Global world
and put Balinese in a dilemmatic position between developing lifestyle as an impact
of outside world and their original customary life style has become an object
of unending exploitation, as it's very nature giving chance to such a behavior.
Balinese introduce social organization based on area and obligations to preserve
and maintain temples and it's rituals. This fact has been able to keep the integrity
and security in Bali, but on other space has dragged this organization into unnecessary
ritualistic nature. This organization is called " Banjar " This Banjar
is the center of power currently when kingdoms and hegemony of traditional ruling
class has been changed by the role of economic and expertise groups.
In a wider group, Balinese is tied again by genealogical lineage to maintain clen's
temples and as Bali wide they also feel obliged to maintain and preserve temples
built by the king in the past such as Besakih, Uluwatu, Tanah Lot, Ulun Danu,
Sila Yukti, Gelgel, and many others.
Basic economic activities in Bali is growing rice, coffee, cacao, juices, corn,
cassava, and various cereals and vegetables. Home industry is developed very fast
such as garment, irons, furniture, ceramics, terracotta, and carving, beside ethnic
handicrafts. Balinese art-skill got a place when Bali developed tourism. Tourism
development has given multi-flier effect on industries and farming in Bali.
Specially in agriculture Balinese has developed a systematic organization to regulate
the irrigation system. This organization has been successful in maintaining the
continuity and equality of water supplier for every member, beside maintain the
water flowing facilities.
Cattle breeding and poultry growing are already developed for local consumption
as well as export to other countries such as pigs and cows. Also fishery development
especially shrimps and fish has just been able to fulfill the local demand. Still
a great space to develop this products specially fisheries.
Bali has the most varied places of interest for tourists, from western tip to
the eastern tip of the island, both in the form of cultural and natural attractions.
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