Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian Language has the root of Malay language which dialect is most widely spoken on the archipelago of Indonesia. It has been largely due to the trade among the archipelago, Arab, China and India. They needed a simple words and sentences in communicating with local producers in the field of buying, selling and payment terminologies. Even the Dutch at the beginning had to understand a simple Malay sentences to communicate with the local people. As the same parent of Malay, it was easy for Indonesian ethnic groups to learn the language, although some of the ethnic group has underwent further variation in pattern and diction. Bahasa Indonesia has become an active communication means among the learnt people during the struggle for independence which lead an oath among the ethnic representatives that they would use Bahasa Indonesia as the national language. This is known as " Sumpah Pemuda " or youth oath that was declared on 28 October 1920.

Grammatically bahasa Indonesia is simple, does not introduces patterns reflecting time, word flexion relating to subject, object, location and others. Basically all events are expressed with the same pattern and the same words. Only to indicate time it uses word of time such as yesterday, tomorrow, 2 minutes ago and others. To indicate plurality just put word " banyak means many or sedikit mean small number " or appoint fixed number for definite plurality. Basically to express pattern and flexion, simply use independence words arranged in the sentences. As a result of lack of pattern and flexion, the languages introduce many morphemes. The morphemes have various meanings according to the infinitive word which is conjugated with. This small writing is aimed to assist reader to get light idea on the basic concept of the grammar which is expected to be understood by those who never heard about bahasa Indonesia

Social Aspect of Bahasa Indonesia
Unlike Balinese or Javanese, bahasa Indonesia reflects egalitarian society. Polite and impolite are expressed at the level of small diction of personal pronounce, mimic and gesture and at the level of diction it is almost inexist the world of humiliation, curses or respect that symbolize the action, existence or thinking of others. A small collection of words relating to this social status can only be found among personal pronounce, such as kamu ( you ) is considered egalitarian opposed to " anda " ( your respectable ), aku ( I ) more colloquial as opposed to " saya " ( I ) more humble, dia ( she/he) is more colloquial compared to " beliau " ( she/he/they ) which are considered more respectable. At no time the children or younger people address parents or older people by " kamu ", instead they will be called by their aliases. In case one has to address older people or unknown people with his/her name one will put " Pak " to man and " Ibu" for woman. Pak is abbreviation of Bapak means literally father and Ibu means mother. In formal communication both tittles are used as respectable words to address man or women. Here is the new speaker of Bahasa Indonesia must be very careful.

Common Mistake
Foreign speakers of Bahasa Indonesia still have the difficulty in understanding between transitive and intransitive verbs, and subfix / ---i /. More detail nuances on both aspects will be discussed at each part. The most important here is to give early clue that here is the foreign speaker have to be more careful. There is no grammatical rule to explain the deep nuances except speaker has to train the situation by comprehensive practice or study considerable contexts of the verbs in various sentences.

Class Formation or Derivatives
As other languages, bahasa Indonesia also introduces forms such as infinitive, verb, noun, adjective, and pronounce. Almost all words except morphemes can be transformed into each class with the help of morphemes. Morpheme is the most productive language elements in bahasa Indonesia both in writing and spoken. Intensive study of class formation by morpheme can be said as a basic step for a fifty percent success in studying bahasa Indonesia

Sentence Construction
As other language, bahasa Indonesia has the structure of :
Subject + Predicate + Object ( for positive statement )
Object + Predicate + Subject ( for passive statement )
Adjective predicate following the law of " described - description " in contrary with English. For example :
# Ini tas merah ( ini = this, tas = bag, merah = red )----- This is red bag
# Ini tas merah besar mahal ( besar = big, mahal = expensive ) -- This is red big expensive bag
The position of each adjective can be interchanged, not necessarily like the sample.
The sentence can be constructed by infinitive and simple words, provided correct preposition can be put in context :
# Saya pergi ke pasar beli ikan (Saya = I, pergi = go, ke = to ( prep ), pasar = market, beli = buy, ikan = fish )
# I go to the market to buy fish.
Compared the pattern: