Balinese traditional law which is called " adat " regulate
various aspect of life, one is about the status of aman
in the banjar or desa
organization. As a member of the organization he is
only given the full right and obligation when he has
been married, following to the conduct of the adat.
Since the responsibility of family is at father's hand
or following the tradition of patrilineal. The purpose
of marriage according to the tradition of Bali is to
give freedom and limit the romance in the society which
is underlying factor of the harmony of the world and
heavenly structure. A man or woman ideally married once
for life, nurturing children for maximum of 4 persons
which is appear from the number
of birth given name Although it is exist that
a man married many times and the king of ancient Bali
also practiced polygamy, the society consider the polygamy
is a deviant. Illegal bond is greatly taboo and is forbidden
by adat. In case a man and woman found to have love
affair without legal marriage ceremony, they will be
fined with big ceremony to clean the bad spirit might
caused by this lawless action. In case illegally couple
have child this child is considered impure and must
be given certain ceremony to return child's nature.
So that is a hard burden for Balinese who tried in offending
the adat rules of conduct for love affair. Some banjars
in Bali even practice night time of visit from a youth
to a girl, like a curfew, that if a youth found to still
hosted by a girl in her house without witness of her
parents, or relative usually at that time they will
be brought to the village hall and given the ceremony
of marriage, and ask both parents to complete the wedding.
Today this tradition has been discarded, yet practiced
in more refiner ways. Marriage in Balinese does not
introduce dowry like other ethnic groups in Indonesia,
yet a feast, not big which is probably the influence
of Christian Wedding reception is organized by certain
villages, but only small number of it. This reception
at some banjars sometimes need big costs as to cook
big pig to various cuisines to host the relatives of
both sides, and some good friends in their own banjar
organization or from outside. The feast is basically
only eating together the best Bali food for those who
have better economy, and just standard cooking for fare
economy. The work for preparation of the feast is done
by families or member of the banjar who is invited with
no fee. Some feast, due to time strain or other consideration
hiring a banqueting service and catering a modern way
to organize a feast like an even for modern wedding
reception. It is not rare also the wedding reception
is organized at special place such as hotel or meeting
hall, after the ritual steps are completed.
Until as late as 1940s the marriage between castes were
still having objection, especially woman from higher
castes would not be allowed to merry lower castes. If
it was happened a punishment will be given to the couple
who will be exiled from his village to certain place
far away. The punishment is called " maselong " During
the ancient kingdom of Bali around 18th century the
couple was said to be sent to Selong in central Lombok
for punishment, that was the origin of the word. Basically
it was the feeling of higher castes that they would
feel being humiliated when their daughter married lower
castes, as the status would be going down since a woman
will follow her husband status based on patriarchart
tradition.
The procedure toward marriage between man and woman
in Bali has many guide lines such as strongly forbidden
and recommended. Forbidden are among families which
is still related patriarchart until at least 4 generations,
brothers merry sisters for example older brother of
an A family merry older sister of a B family then younger
brother of A family merry younger sister of B family,
and also older brother of A family merry older sister
of B family, and younger sister of A family merry younger
brother of B family and in turn.
Myth of sanctions for these infringement are sickness,
instability or disharmony, and other imbalance of life.
A married man or woman who still have love affairs with
others also have punishment after death at the here
after. A family is ideally giving children in the past
maximum 4. While since 1970s Balinese has a strong awareness
of the responsibility of growing children and limit
their family for maximum of 2 children. This is the
difference between modern Balinese and Javanese, South
Sulawesi, and Lombok, although in the root of descendant
is the same. Today almost 99% Balinese family has 2
children while in Java, South Sulawesi and Lombok a
family of 40 years old can be found to have 8 to 12
children especially among poorer areas, and some at
more learnt people. In Lombok with the existence of
seasonal mass marriage has doubled the number of population
within 5 years. An indication of high growth of Population
in Indonesia outside above mentioned areas seems exist
in South Kalimantan, at Banjars, and Madura island.
Javanese does not yet see this critical responsibility.
Some of the story concerning marriage in Bali can be
seen in the form of pictures like a comic on the ceiling
of Kerta
Gosha the remains of Klungkung kingdom in the city
of Klungkung. This place is one stop for a
sightseeing to east Bali or Besakih temple. A site with information on
Balinese and mariage arrangement can be visited here Wedding on Bali
Diving tour to Tulamben east Bali can also stop
here as it is on the way back from the site. |